International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS

Government Policies and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Comparative Analysis of High-and Low-Income Nations in the Context of the Paris Agreement

Sung Joo Lee — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This comparative study investigates the role of government policies in determining the disparities in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in four countries with varying economic statuses and policy approaches—Poland and Estonia from Eastern Europe, and Ethiopia and Nepal from the Global South. Despite similarities in geographic and economic contexts, these nations exhibit stark contrasts in emissions outcomes. By analyzing data from 2015, the year of the Paris Agreement’s adoption, this study underscores the pivotal role of governmental strategies, including energy policy, renewable energy adoption, and climate governance, in shaping national emissions profiles. The findings demonstrate that while international agreements like the Paris Agreement can catalyze action, the effectiveness of these agreements is contingent on the strength of domestic policies, political will, and the existing energy infrastructure. The analysis concludes that robust, well-enforced policies—particularly those fostering renewable energy adoption and integrated climate strategies—are essential in achieving substantial emissions reductions.

A Portrait of the Legal Awareness of Indonesian Educators (Teachers) about Violence Against Children in the School Environment

Rosalia Rindy Ethika Putri, Setiyono, Kadek Wiwik Indrayanti — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing number of child violence cases, particularly in schools, has become a pressing issue. Violence in schools occurs in various forms, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. This article examines and analyzes the legal awareness of educators regarding child violence in schools (a case study at SMAN in Malang City) and the factors influencing such legal awareness. This research employs an empirical method with a juridical qualitative approach. The results show that the legal awareness of educators concerning child violence in schools, as studied at SMAN in Malang City, reveals that while the educators are knowledgeable about the law, they lack a deeper understanding of the specific legal provisions. This is influenced by several factors, including their understanding and legal behavior patterns, age, internalization of legal knowledge, and personal experiences (legal attitudes) within society. However, their legal attitudes are highly responsive and proactive regarding child violence in the school environment.

Responsibilities of Prosecutors in Resolving Civil Disputes through Non-Litigation Mechanisms

Eko Purwantono, Dewi Astutty Mochtar — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), or dispute resolution outside of litigation, has increasingly developed as an efficient solution, avoiding time-consuming and costly court procedures. ADR, such as arbitration, offers a win-win solution that is more beneficial for the disputing parties. In the context of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), which play a crucial role in the national economy, dispute resolution often requires quick and precise intervention. The State Attorney (Jaksa Pengacara Negara, JPN) has authority in civil and administrative law matters, allowing them to handle disputes outside of court on behalf of the state, government, or BUMN. Despite its vital role, many are still unaware of the full use of JPN in non-litigation dispute resolution. This study examines the regulatory framework of the prosecutor's authority in resolving civil disputes through non-litigation channels and their roles and responsibilities. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory and conceptual approach. The study concludes that the authority of the Jaksa Pengacara Negara is attributed, which is inherent to the position and regulated by law, enabling the prosecutor to act on behalf of the state, government, or public interests in civil and administrative matters. This authority includes litigation and non-litigation actions, regulated across various regulations such as the Law on the Prosecutor's Office, Presidential Regulations, and Attorney General Regulations. The JPN executes tasks through cooperation with the government or BUMN/D, starting with providing legal advice and special power of attorney. They aim to enforce the law, protect state assets, and safeguard public interests. More specific regulation of the JPN's authority is necessary in separate regulations to ensure legal certainty. Additionally, the socialization of the role of the Jaksa Pengacara Negara needs to be enhanced, along with the development of prosecutors' capacity to perform their duties.

Implementation of Community Participation Policies in the Road Infrastructure Development

Yulian Raditya Dhaniarta, Praptining Sukowati, Roos Widjajani — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study describes community participation and analyzes the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the Malang Regent Decree on Determining the Status of Road Sections as Regency Roads. The research was conducted in the Pakisaji Subdistrict, Malang Regency. The data analysis technique in this research uses qualitative analysis. The results show that implementing community participation policies in road infrastructure development based on the Malang Regent Decree has been carried out quite well by Edward's theory, which includes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. However, according to Cohen's theory, the implementation has not fully met the level of community participation, especially in the evaluation of activities. Supporting factors for success include the quality of human resources, community awareness, leadership commitment, understanding of road infrastructure, and access to information. The inhibiting factors include limited human resources, budget constraints, geographical challenges, the absence of a unique team, and less detailed technical regulations. Policy implementers are expected to increase the workforce, form special teams, analyze budgets in detail, optimize resources, and adjust technical regulations to increase community participation in road infrastructure development.

Implementation of Hospital Management information Systems for Health Services

Zulfa Ardaani, Agus Sholahuddin, bambang.unmer@gmail.com — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) based on Regent Regulation No. 59 of 2022 and identify supporting and inhibiting factors. The research location was at the Tulungagung Dr. Iskak Regional General Hospital (RSUD). The data analysis technique in this study used qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. This study found that the implementation of a Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) in RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung succeeded in improving operational efficiency and quality of health services. This success aligns with G. Edward III's theory of public policy implementation, which emphasizes the importance of communication, disposition, resources, and bureaucratic structure. Effective communication through training and discussion ensures policy understanding, while a positive management disposition supports system acceptance. Adequate technological infrastructure and a clear bureaucratic structure allow implementation to be carried out gradually and systematically. However, there are still challenges, such as differences in the technological literacy of health workers and the need to increase network capacity in high-operating units. This study is expected to provide recommendations for improving the implementation of SIMRS at RSUD dr. Iskak Tulungagung through technology training, providing incentives, improving infrastructure, and periodic monitoring and evaluation to improve the efficiency of health services.

Study of the Implementation of Policies on the Utilization of Funds for Urban Village Empowerment Activities

Yully Erawati, Agus Sholahuddin, Sri Hartini Jatmikowati — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the policy on the utilization of urban village funds for community development and empowerment and identify the inhibiting factors. The research was conducted in Talun Village, Talun District, Blitar Regency. The data analysis technique in this study uses descriptive qualitative data analysis. This research found that the success of urban village fund management depends on the capacity of the apparatus and transparency in budget management. Community participation in planning through the village development plan deliberation (Musrenbangkel) and supervision of using funds improves program accountability and effectiveness. Internal oversight needs to be strengthened with regular evaluations to ensure reporting transparency. The main supporting factors are clear regulations, funds availability, and urban village officials' commitment. At the same time, obstacles include technical constraints in using financial applications, limited human resources, and low community awareness of supervision. While the urban village fund contributes to infrastructure development and community empowerment, the program's sustainability needs to be ensured by increasing the capacity of the apparatus, a more muscular monitoring system, and the integration of information technology to improve the transparency and efficiency of financial reporting. This research is expected to improve the effectiveness of Urban village Fund management through strengthening apparatus capacity, transparency, community participation, supervision, technological innovation, and more flexible and sustainable policies.

Overcrowding in Malaysian Prisons: Are Private Prisons the Answer?

Muhammad Syafiq M.S, Lukman Z.M — Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines public perceptions of the proposal to establish private prisons in Malaysia, focusing on prison overcrowding as a primary driving factor. The issue of overcrowding has long been a major concern for Malaysia’s correctional system, raising questions about alternative solutions to manage inmate populations effectively. Given the ongoing debate surrounding prison privatization, this study aims to explore public attitudes, acceptance levels, and perceived effectiveness of private prisons in addressing this issue. A quantitative exploratory research method was employed, involving 2,014 respondents who participated in a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaire comprised 56 questions across seven sections, using a six-point Likert scale to measure responses. To ensure data reliability, a pilot test was conducted, yielding Cronbach’s Alpha values between 0.78 and 0.87, indicating good internal consistency and reliability in measuring public perceptions. The findings reveal that 80.98% of respondents recognize Malaysia's prison overcrowding issue (Mean = 2.69, SD = 1.45), with a statistically significant awareness level (t-Test = -9.59, p<0.05). However, only 53.93% of respondents agree that overcrowding needs urgent attention (Mean = 3.31, SD = 1.62), suggesting that while the issue is acknowledged, public concern varies in terms of urgency. Support for private prisons as a solution to overcrowding remains moderate and divided, with 54.97% of respondents in favour of their establishment (Mean = 3.42, SD = 1.58) and 50.49% believing in their effectiveness (Mean = 3.57, SD = 1.61). Although t-Test values confirm statistical significance (p<0.05), public scepticism persists, indicating concerns regarding costs, accountability, and ethical implications of private prisons. Overall, while prison overcrowding is widely recognized, support for private prisons is neither overwhelming nor entirely rejected. The findings suggest that further public engagement, policy analysis, and feasibility studies are necessary to assess whether private prisons can be a viable solution to Malaysia’s correctional challenges. Future research should also explore alternative approaches, such as sentencing reforms, rehabilitation programs, and community-based corrections, to ensure a comprehensive and ethical strategy for managing the nation’s prison system.