International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS

Comparative Analysis of Violence Spread across West African States using a Data Analytical Approach

Olajide M.S, Ajayi A.A, Afolabi O.P., Abiodun O.A. — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The spate of violent spread in the West Africa sub region is on the increase for more than a decade now. Violence has continued to assume different dimension with various degree of casualties’ figures ranging from heavy records of fatalities to moderately few events in others. Several factors exist as reasons for violence, but the study focuses on the occurrence of fatalities, which is linked to political events and civilian target events. Descriptive statistics was employed in the study. The results obtained reveals that Nigeria, Mali and Niger republic posted highest casualty records of both political and civilian target events. Other four countries, Benin, Liberia, Ghana and Togo also reveal that on periodic bases, records of violence-triggered cases resulting from political events and civilian target events also constitute a proportion of violent related cases observed within these countries. The results obtained offer a good recipe for projection towards good governance, cultural growth and peaceful coexistence within the constituents, which make up each county considered in the study through insightful suggestions and recommendations.

Community and parental involvement in the education of learners with disabilities in a Rwandan community

Liana Musekiwa — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Communities and parents play pivotal roles in shaping educational settings and preparing students for the complexities of the modern world. Their involvement in education is crucial for enhancing educational outcomes and fostering the social development of learners with disabilities. This study examines the roles of community and parental involvement in educating learners with disabilities in the Mbuga community, Rwanda. A phenomenological approach was adopted, utilizing semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The collected data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. A sample of 10 students with disabilities, 10 parents, 10 community members, and teachers was drawn through convenience sampling from the Mbuga community in Rwanda. Epstein’s parental involvement model guided this study with its dimensions. Effective community and parental involvement encompasses various dimensions, including academic achievement, participation in school activities, and advocacy for educational equity. The study findings revealed that the community and parents play a critical role in encouraging and supporting learners with disabilities, helping them improve their performance and reach their full potential. Through collaborative efforts among parents, communities, and educational institutions, a holistic approach to addressing the diverse needs of learners with disabilities is promoted. Parental involvement cultivates a supportive home environment conducive to learning that enhances academic performance and social-emotional development. The study recommends consistent, two-way communication between school authorities and parents to improve learning outcomes.

The Skeynected: SK Project Implementation Monitoring and Youth Information Management System

Hernie B. Deduro, Reginald S. Prudente, Fidel N. Braga — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Skeynected: SK Project Implementation Monitoring and Youth Information Management System is a web-based platform to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in youth project monitoring. Manual data collection in barangays often leads to delays and inaccuracies, making project tracking and fund allocation difficult. To address this, the system integrates a centralized database and automated tracking tools for real-time SK project monitoring and youth profiling. Using the Agile Scrum methodology, the system undergoes iterative improvements based on stakeholder feedback. The development cycle includes planning, designing, prototyping, testing, and implementation, with user testing conducted among LYDO staff and SK officials. This system enhances data accessibility, enabling better decision-making and more effective resource allocation. By strengthening local governance, empowering SK officials, and fostering youth engagement, Skeynected promotes sustainable community development while ensuring a structured, data-driven approach to managing youth programs and tracking project progress.

Employability Characteristics of Teacher Education Graduates in Mindanao State University

Norshida M. Hadji Daud, Wardah D. Guimba, Minerva-Saminah M. Naga — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

With the end-goal of identifying the strength, areas of improvement, and employability of the graduates, this study is grounded by the literature gap tracing the graduate education students at Mindanao State University-College of Education and their employers’ feedback and satisfaction. Thus, this present paper focuses on two areas: investigating the employability characteristics of the graduate students of MSU-CED and examining employers’ feedback and level of satisfaction with regards to the teaching proficiencies of their employees. Utilizing survey questionnaire for the graduates and checklist-interview with the employers, a total of 216 graduates of Graduate Education Department served as respondents of the study and 18 employers participated in the interview. The findings disclosed that almost all of the respondents are already employed and have permanent employment status. These graduates noted a very adequate rating of the skills in communication, human relations, leadership, and problem-solving; and extremely adequate in research skills which they perceived to have contributed to their employment. They recommended that more masteral and doctorate programs be offered by the college to develop more specialists in Teacher Education. Conversely, the employers mostly shared positive feedback and high satisfaction of their employees’ teaching proficiency and services; indicating that MSU-CED sufficiently provided effective graduate education programs that meet the demands of the education industry. Nonetheless, the employers also noted some employees who still need some areas of improvement in their teaching performance.

Adaptive Strategy for Technology-Based Halal Tourism Development in Indonesia: Lessons from Singapore's Success

Abdul Rahman Rahim, Safri Haliding, Lukman Hakim, Syafiuddin, Wahyuddin — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of global halal tourism is driven by the increasing number of Muslim travellers with special travel needs. Indonesia, as the country with the largest Muslim population, has great potential in developing halal tourism. However, challenges such as lack of synergy between stakeholders, limited technological infrastructure, and low utilization of digital innovation still hamper the development of this sector. This study aims to develop an adaptive strategy for developing technology-based halal tourism that is contextual and applicable in Indonesia by adopting best practices from Singapore, which has successfully integrated technology and policies in the halal tourism sector. The method used is a qualitative approach with a comparative case study design between Indonesia and Singapore. The research sample consisted of key stakeholders in the halal tourism sector, selected purposively based on their experience and involvement in implementing digital technology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary documents, then analysed using manual thematic analysis techniques to ensure data validity and depth. The results of the study formulate an adaptive strategy that integrates information and communication technology as the backbone of the halal tourism ecosystem, including the development of an integrated digital platform for accessing information, ordering, and monitoring halal certification in real time. An integrated digital marketing strategy and multi-stakeholder collaboration are the foundation for expanding the market and improving service quality. Strengthening human resources through technology-based training and halal literacy as well as the development of Muslim-friendly infrastructure and technology-based monitoring systems are also crucial for tourist efficiency and experience. Recommendations include the development of an integrated digital platform, optimization of digital marketing, increasing human resource capacity, strengthening Muslim-friendly infrastructure, and strengthening collaboration and technology-based monitoring. Further studies are needed to test the effectiveness of this strategy in various regions of Indonesia. This approach has the potential to increase the competitiveness and inclusiveness of Indonesian halal tourism sustainably

The Role of Infrastructure on Poverty in Papua Island of Indonesia

Muryani , Anggraini A. — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to analyze the influence of infrastructure on poverty levels in 21 districts/cities of Papua Province. This research uses a quantitative approach by combining cross section data from 21 districts/cities in Papua Province and time series data for 2008, 2011, 2014, 2018 and 2021. The data used comes from Village Potential statistical data provided by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The method used in this research is the panel data regression method with an estimation method from the selected model, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) after testing classical assumptions and selecting the best model. The research results show that health facilities, cell phone signals, electricity users, and street lighting simultaneously have a significant effect on poverty levels. Partially, health facilities, electricity users and street lighting have a significant effect on poverty levels, while cell phone signals do not have a significant effect on poverty levels.

Politics of Entrepreneurship

Indra Permana, Agus Sholahudin, Budhy Prianto — Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Democracy provides an open space for all citizens to be involved and participate in electoral political activities, such as elections. This openness allows entrepreneurs to also be directly involved in practical political activities. Previously, many entrepreneurs were supporters of legislative candidates and officials in the executive. This is because political campaigns require large funds, including the cost of installing campaign equipment, organizing events, advertising in the media, and operational costs of the campaign team. This causes many prospective legislative members, especially those who do not have strong economic support, to hope for assistance from third parties, namely entrepreneurs. Now entrepreneurs are no longer political players behind the scenes, but have become political actors on the front stage. According to the political economy theory of legislators put forward by Kenneth A. Shepsle and Barry R. Weingast (1981), which states that legislators behave rationally to maximize their personal interests in the political world. This study expands the theory about the existence of entrepreneurs, after entering the world of politics, can use the assets and networks they have for electoral victory, starting from recognition (popularity, likeability), to electability). This is also a theoretical novelty in this study. In addition, there is also a practical novelty, namely the role of the Nusantara Gilang Gemilang (NGG) organization in forming entrepreneur-politicians who become legislative members in the 2024 Election. This research is a qualitative study, data collection techniques are carried out by in-depth interviews with various main informants and supporting informants consisting of the founders and administrators of the NGG mass organization, legislative candidates, winning teams and candidate volunteers, and voters. To obtain valid data, cross-checking (triangulation) is carried out on the informants and data submitted. This is done with a variety of informants interviewed in each informant group. This research was conducted for one year, starting in 2024 to mid-2025. To support validity of the research, also displayed documents in the form of photographs of research activities, and photographs related to the object of research. This research contributes to the theory of political economy, and practically contributes to general election policies, especially Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, especially in the article on financing legislative candidates.

Insight on Illegal Possession and Misuse of Firearms: An Analysis of Criminology Students’ Perspective

Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines criminology students' perspectives on illegal firearm possession and misuse in Pagadian City, Philippines, focusing on their awareness of firearm laws, perceptions of causes and prevention strategies, and views on law enforcement effectiveness. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 120 criminology students via a validated questionnaire. Results revealed high awareness of firearm regulations among respondents, though gaps persisted in understanding licensing procedures and penalties. Socioeconomic factors like poverty and peer influence were identified as key drivers of illegal firearm possession, with strong support for community policing and stricter enforcement as preventive measures. However, perceptions of law enforcement effectiveness were mixed, highlighting concerns about resource adequacy and transparency. A significant positive correlation (Spearman Rho = 0.72, p < 0.001) was found between students' theoretical knowledge of firearm laws and their practical understanding of prevention strategies. The study underscores the need for enhanced academic training, public education campaigns, and institutional improvements to address illegal firearm issues. Recommendations include integrating experiential learning, strengthening law enforcement transparency, and adopting multifaceted interventions to reduce gun-related crimes. These findings contribute to policy and educational strategies aimed at improving public safety and firearm regulation compliance.

A comprehensive study of Socio-Economic Determinants of Strand Selection in Senior High School among Grade 10 Students

Veronica S. Isla, , Ruben E. Borja — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the socio-economic factors influencing the Senior High School (SHS) strand selection among 70 Grade 10 students. Using a mixed-methods approach, it explored how family income, parental education, occupation, and perceived social class shaped students’ educational choices. Quantitative findings, analyzed through chi-square tests, showed no statistically significant relationship between socio-economic variables and strand choice. However, qualitative responses revealed nuanced insights into the decision-making process. A thematic analysis of open-ended responses identified five major challenges: (1) self-doubt and confidence issues, (2) difficulty aligning interests with strand options, (3) peer and family influence, (4) financial and practical considerations, and (5) no perceived challenges. These themes illustrated how students navigated both internal and external pressures when selecting a strand. The study draws upon Human Capital Theory, Social Reproduction Theory, and Social Cognitive Career Theory to interpret findings and highlight the complex interplay of socio-economic, psychological, and environmental factors in educational decision-making. The results underscore the importance of responsive and inclusive career guidance programs that acknowledge diverse student contexts. Recommendations are provided to assist educators and policymakers in supporting equitable, informed strand choices aligned with both student potential and life circumstances.

Building an Inclusive Society through Religious Moderation Village

Rasyidi, Kasuwi Saiban, Zainur Rozikin — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The background of this study is the harmonious conditions in a religious moderation village. This study took place in Sidodadi Village, Gedangan District, Malang Regency, East Java Province. In the village there is a village filled with values ??of tolerance and harmony of life between religious communities. Today's challenge is the lack of tolerance in social interaction above differences. An inclusive society is the dream of various regions because diversity is identical to conflict. The formulation of the research includes: a) How is harmony in interfaith relations developed in Sidodadi Villages, Gedangan District, Malang Regency? b) How to interpret social capital in real acts of interfaith interaction in Sidodadi Villages, Gedangan District, Malang Regency? This study aims to describe phenomenologically the process of harmonious social interaction in interfaith relations and to interpret the social capital involved in the Religious Moderation Village. This study describes phenomenologically and in depth related to the inclusive society in the religious moderation village. Meanwhile, the village and sub-district governments also provide support for various activities as well as the role of inter-religious communication forums. The main theory used is phenomenology theory. Meanwhile, supporting theories are social interaction theory, social capital theory, sociology of religion theory and social barrier theory. Where all theories are used to analyze the meaning of inclusive society in religiously moderate villages. The research method uses qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The focus of this study is on first social interaction which emphasizes the role of community initiatives and their challenges and strategies. Second, it relates to the meaning of social capital in interactions that are studied from the dimensions of perception and utilization and the elements in them. The research method is qualitative descriptive by operating the problem through a phenomenological study of inclusive society in religiously moderate villages involving four informants, namely FKAUB, sub-district government, village government, and local communities. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interviews and FGD. Data analysis techniques use People's phenomenology analysis with stages of documentation, observation, understanding units of meaning, creating narratives, thematic identification, and interpreting all elements. The results of the study can be explained, among others, a) Community initiatives and inclusive decision-making, supported by interfaith and forums, facilitate positive social exchanges, reduce religious barriers, and strengthen leadership social cohesion through joint activities, education, and economic empowerment, which encourage long-term inclusiveness and harmonious interfaith relations. b) Effective utilization of social capital is carried out through trust, reciprocity, shared values,and strong social networks to overcome social barriers, encourage interfaith cooperation, and maintain an inclusive society. Inclusive participation, collective action, and leadership further strengthen social cohesion, while solidarity and pride in diversity ward off religious divisions, creating a resilient and harmonious society. This study has theoretical implications in the form of presenting a diversity of data and backgrounds that form inclusivity, social capital is positioned as a value to underlie interfaith communication and also as a basis for operating diversity to form inclusivity. Practical implications include, social interaction is able to bridge conflicts and differences that occur in religious moderation villages. In practice, this can see the social cohesion created and encourage inclusivity in the long term. Recommendations are given to local governments, communities, cross-diverse communication forums and other researchers.

The Socio-Cultural Meaning of Toraja Traditional Houses

Christina Mada, I Made Weni, Sri Hartini Djatmikowati — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze the socio-cultural values ??of the Tongkonan traditional house of the Toraja ethnic group in Kanaan Village, West Bontang District, Bontang City and to describe and analyze the factors that shape the socio-cultural values ??of the Tongkonan traditional house of the Toraja ethnic group in Kanaan Village, Bontang City. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with a grounded theory basis that emphasizes empirical data obtained directly from the field. The results of the study indicate that the Tongkonan traditional house has a strong symbolic and philosophical meaning in the lives of the Toraja people in the diaspora, reflecting the relationship between humans and God, nature, ancestors, and each other. The process of building a Tongkonan house is carried out through mutual cooperation and is based on spiritual values ??and ethnic solidarity. Each architectural element, such as the shape of the building, the division of space, as well as carvings and ornaments contain religious symbols, social status, and cultural identity. In addition, this study found dynamics and changes in the meaning of cultural values ??due to various external factors such as modernization, migration, education, and intercultural interaction. These factors cause the adaptation of values ??and symbols of traditional houses, although their basic meanings are maintained as part of the cultural identity of the Toraja people. This finding shows that the socio-cultural values ??of the Tongkonan traditional house remain relevant and become a symbol of solidarity and cultural inheritance, even in the midst of social change in the diaspora environment.

Youth Unemployment and Its Economic Implications: A Socio-economic Analysis

Lowell S. Manseneros, Andrew L. Acabu — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research investigates the socioeconomic consequences of youth unemployment through an analysis of individual experiences and macroeconomic consequences. Data were gathered from 120 unemployed youth using a survey questionnaire. Key demographic trends, perceived reasons for unemployment, social and emotional consequences, and awareness of government policy are identified in findings. Targeted policy recommendations are suggested for addressing youth unemployment more effectively. The findings reveal that the majority were aged 22–26, predominantly female, single, and residing in urban areas. Most had attained college or vocational education, yet remained unemployed for over six months, reflecting the growing disconnection between educational attainment and labor market demands. The leading perceived causes of unemployment included lack of work experience, skills mismatch, limited job opportunities, and poor access to professional networks. Economically, unemployment resulted in significant hardship, with many respondents experiencing financial instability, dependency on family support, and difficulty meeting basic needs. Social and emotional effects were similarly severe, marked by high stress, low self-esteem, and isolation. Notably, awareness and participation in government employment programs were minimal, highlighting critical gaps in outreach and accessibility.

Evaluation of the Effect of Nigeria’s International Trade Policies on its Economic Growth

Ochulor, Nnenna Adaku — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the performance of Nigeria’s international trade policies and its effect on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1984 to 2019. The major problem of the study is that the promotion of economic growth is one of the major objectives of international trade but, in recent times, this has not been the case because the Nigerian economy is still experiencing major elements of economic instability such as price instability, high level of unemployment, gross insecurity and adverse balance of payments. The study adopted time series data for the periods 1984 - 2018. The ARDL regression method and descriptive analysis were employed to establish the relationship between the variables of the study. The findings revealed that Trade openness (TOP) has a negative and significant relationship with GRGDP. A unit increase in TOP results in 17.533 decrease in GRGDP. The study recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria should review its exchange rate policies as regards the import and export (I&E) window to stimulate production and export of goods and services from the country since the existing policies yielded negative results in the period of the study. This will promote export and enhance Nigeria’s balance of payment and external reserves.

Enhancing Literary Comprehension Skills of Grade 7 Students through Artistic Visualization Strategy

Annagel Diñise Dequito — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

When students create mental pictures in mind, they will achieve a whole new level of understanding of literature. Thus, solving the problem of poor reading comprehension. Through explanatory-sequential design, it looked into the effectiveness of artistic visualization in improving the Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) reading comprehension skills of Grade 7 Students in terms of comprehending Philippine literary text. Findings revealed that the artistic visualization helped enhance the learner's comprehension skills in reading literary text, and there was a significant difference between the participants’ pre-test and post-test performance after implementing the artistic visualization. Based also on the students' experiences, artistic visualization ignites motivation, facilitates better comprehension, fosters creativity, and poses a challenge to learners. Based on the findings and conclusion, using an artistic visualization learning prototype on the students’ learning activity in reading is highly recommended.

Study of the Implementation of Village Fund Management Policies in Sangatta Utara Sub-District East Kutai District

Ani Saidah, Agus Sholahuddin, Dwi Suharnoko — Mon, 09 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to analyze the implementation of Village Fund management for development in North Sangatta Sub-district, East Kutai Regency, with a focus on communication, resources, commitment and coordination. The research findings show that although information on the implementation of the Village Fund has begun to be channeled, information distribution has not been evenly distributed across all target groups due to limited access to remote areas. Unclear communication results in inconsistent understanding among relevant parties, which is in line with Edward III's theory on the importance of accurate and consistent communication in policy implementation. From the resource aspect, this study found that although human resources and information were sufficient, the existing facilities did not meet the expected standards. This is in line with Edward III's theory which emphasizes the importance of the availability of adequate resources for successful policy implementation. On the other hand, staff commitment shows positive results, with selective staff appointments and the provision of appropriate incentives increasing their commitment to policy implementation, consistent with Edward III's disposition theory. Coordination is also going well with clear assignment of responsibilities and regular coordination between work units. However, some supporting factors such as support from the government and CSR play an important role, while inhibiting factors include less effective communication and access difficulties to remote locations. These findings support Edward III's theory that poor communication and deficiencies in resources and bureaucratic structure can hinder policy implementation. The study concludes that despite progress, more attention to effective communication, adequate resources and good coordination is needed to improve the implementation of Village Fund management.