Termination of life to relieve their suffering: Malaysian Medical, Legal, and Nursing Perspectives on Euthanasia

Abstract

Euthanasia, a contentious and emotionally charged subject, sparks significant public debate and attracts heightened scrutiny compared to less controversial topics. It garners widespread attention and sparks lively discussions among various stakeholders, including academics, religious scholars, politicians, doctors, lawyers, and nurses, due to its involvement in intentionally ending human lives, albeit for compassionate reasons and with the voluntary consent of the individual. The present study aims to delve into the attitudes of doctors, lawyers, and nurses toward euthanasia and its potential legalization in Malaysia. Employing a survey methodology following established quantitative research protocols, the study administered questionnaires to 719 participants to gather their perspectives and opinions on euthanasia. Participants completed the 21-item Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS) questionnaire. Data analysis, conducted using SPSS version 29.0, measured data variables through mean, median, and standard deviation. The study revealed a high level of reliability among the variables, with Cronbach's Alpha values of 0.857 for EAS and 0.952 for reasons regarding euthanasia legalization. Pearson's correlation results fell within the range of 0.570 to 0.642, indicating a moderate and positive relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The study found that 64.3% of respondents held opposing views on euthanasia legalization, while 35.7% believed it should be legalized. Primary reasons for opposing legalization included religious beliefs (56.9%), concerns about public corruption (56.2%), and the belief in the sanctity of human life, with no one having the authority to end it (54.9%). Among those in favour of euthanasia legalization, 52.2% viewed it as a compassionate and humane means to alleviate the suffering of terminally ill individuals. The relatively small sample size underscores the necessity for diverse input in future research on euthanasia legalization. These findings underscore the ongoing relevance and need for thorough examination, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the topic. Despite opposition to legalization, the study highlights the enduring complexity of the euthanasia debate and the necessity for diverse perspectives to navigate it effectively.