Decision-Making Speed and Organizational Effectiveness among West African Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Decision-making speed plays a crucial role in enhancing organizational effectiveness, particularly in dynamic environments where timely responses influence performance outcomes. This systematic literature review examines the relationship between decision-making speed and organizational effectiveness among West African institutions, emphasizing the trade-offs between agility and decision quality. The study explores how decision-making speed affects financial, operational, and strategic performance, while identifying key moderating factors such as environmental turbulence, bureaucratic structures, and leadership styles. Drawing on Dynamic Capabilities Theory and Organizational Agility Theory, the research highlights that institutions capable of sensing opportunities, seizing resources efficiently, and reconfiguring processes tend to outperform counterparts with slower decision cycles. The review follows a rigorous systematic approach, synthesizing empirical findings from recent peer-reviewed studies on decision speed in sectors such as healthcare and higher education. Results indicate that while rapid decision-making enhances responsiveness and innovation, excessive speed can lead to inadequate analysis, resistance from stakeholders, and compromised decision quality. The study underscores the importance of balancing speed and accuracy in decision-making, offering strategic insights for leaders navigating complex institutional environments in West Africa.