Insight on Illegal Possession and Misuse of Firearms: An Analysis of Criminology Students’ Perspective

Abstract

This study examines criminology students' perspectives on illegal firearm possession and misuse in Pagadian City, Philippines, focusing on their awareness of firearm laws, perceptions of causes and prevention strategies, and views on law enforcement effectiveness. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 120 criminology students via a validated questionnaire. Results revealed high awareness of firearm regulations among respondents, though gaps persisted in understanding licensing procedures and penalties. Socioeconomic factors like poverty and peer influence were identified as key drivers of illegal firearm possession, with strong support for community policing and stricter enforcement as preventive measures. However, perceptions of law enforcement effectiveness were mixed, highlighting concerns about resource adequacy and transparency. A significant positive correlation (Spearman Rho = 0.72,  p < 0.001) was found between students' theoretical knowledge of firearm laws and their practical understanding of prevention strategies. The study underscores the need for enhanced academic training, public education campaigns, and institutional improvements to address illegal firearm issues. Recommendations include integrating experiential learning, strengthening law enforcement transparency, and adopting multifaceted interventions to reduce gun-related crimes. These findings contribute to policy and educational strategies aimed at improving public safety and firearm regulation compliance.