Living Traditions: Fairs and Festivals as Vessels of India’s Cultural Continuity

Abstract

India's cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible, stands as a testament to its historical depth and civilizational continuity. Fairs and festivals, deeply embedded in the socio-cultural fabric of the nation, play a pivotal role in preserving and promoting this heritage. These celebrations transcend caste, creed, and regional boundaries, fostering communal harmony, social cohesion, and a shared sense of identity. Historically, they have also served as platforms for socio-political mobilization, as evidenced by Lokmanya Tilak’s strategic use of public festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and the Shivaji Utsav during the Indian independence movement. Today, festivals such as Diwali, Holi, Baisakhi, Pongal, Kumbh Mela, and regional fairs like the Camel Fair and Jagannath Yatra continue to function not only as cultural expressions but also as significant drivers of local economies and tourism. This study critically examines the role of fairs and festivals in promoting national identity, stimulating economic activity, and safeguarding India’s intangible cultural heritage. Through a multidisciplinary lens, it further explores sustainable strategies for cultural preservation to ensure the resilience and continuity of India’s diverse traditions in the face of globalization and modernization.