Raising Female Labour Force Participation in India: An Economic Imperative for Inclusive Growth

Abstract

This paper analyses the trends and determinants of female labour force participation (FLFP) in India, using Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) data from 2017–18 to 2022–23. Despite educational gains and demographic advantages, India’s FLFP remains among the lowest globally. The study identifies structural, social, and policy-level barriers inhibiting women’s entry into the workforce. It argues that enhancing FLFP is critical not only for gender equity but also for economic growth and inclusive development. The paper concludes with recommendations for expanding formal employment, improving childcare infrastructure, and addressing deep-rooted social norms.